I can't believe I didn't make a "how the turntables" joke. That's why I love the comments section! Here's a paper with the calculations: m2.askthephysicist.com/Weltner.pdf Note that equations 18 and 19 should have R² terms. That threw me off for longer than I care to admit!
@SAJOWE a dome shape is a hemisphere- at no point was a hemisphere placed on the turntable. If one was placed on the turntable on it's flat base, it would have slid off immediately like the coin. the dome, or firmament is a part of FE because FEers can not understand why air does not get sucked off into the vacuum. The reason a dome is not needed is air is matter, matter has weight. It is held to the earth by gravity (or density if you like). That and vacuums don't suck. Our household 'vacuum cleaners' are not vacuums.
Watching this video almost 40 years after I dropped out of taking Physics and Maths for A-level, I'm glad I did. The overlying description of what's happening is utterly fascinating, but the calculus, the physics, the number-crunching... it was never going to be for me. I absolutely LOVE the passion you and others have for such things, because I have my own 'things' which give me joy. Glad to be a viewer, amazed to catch of a glimpse of something described in a way I can understand it, knowing that you can do the maths and the physics and I don't have to!
@nervousnotebooks science isn't about the money. And if you discover something new, the science community will accept it if it's true regardless how you found it or your qualifications.
@nervousnotebooks you literally don't. Human interpretation is science. Some of the most ground breaking discoveries were made by ingraduates. You don't need college to Google and cognize relevant math formulas, and to look to the stars yourself. See if you'll find anything that'll change school curriculum. Little kids can be scientists (literally). It's the easiest thing to do. And it's hard to think of anything without using the scientific method.
Wow, this takes me back to the 50;s. We had a record player that didn't work (the audio didn't) but the turntable would spin. We'd put on a 33 LP and put a marble on it. I observed the same results as you did but had no understanding of the physics/math involved. Thanks for the excellent explanation, BTW, we would also roll up a paper cone, stick a straight pin through the pointy end, and hold that on a record to listen to our tunes. Way cool. Just sane... :^) Saint
Hi Steve, there's lots of fascinating ideas here that would be cool to explore. For example, if the spinning surface was curved like a Euler's disk, how might the motion differ compared to that of the flat or convex surfaces? Here you present flat, and earth is our convex. This harkens back to your "this should slip off but it doesn't" video with spinning concave and convex surfaces and a spinning band. Love the videos and making us foster unique concept connections!
You keep fascinating us as well as entertaining. Thank you for that Steve. And congrats to those, who choose you to promote "THELÄND". Perfect choice. I am from Germany and have seen the clip before. And yes, I believe for tech or science aspiring people, that is a perfect place to go to.
I'm so glad you mentioned something about coriolis. That's kinda where my mind went watching the ball go from closer and further to the point of rotation.
@Feeding Ravens idk... Remember, the center of orbit between moon and earth isn't the center of earth.. so their orbit is a relationship between the two. The reason it's tidal locked with earth is also that reason. Adding friction to rotating bodies it completely different than orbital mechanics. As I know of. That ball is experiencing different tangential speeds as it moves closer and further away from the axis. Orbits do have a sling shot kinda effect. But I see that different than this. But I could be wrong.
I'm glad to have found you... purely because your videos make me remember my curiosity as a kid. The things you lose when life takes over! Great going!!
Reminds me of scientists spinning things in the space station. When things spin in zero gravity they flip every certain number of revolutions. Almost exactly like the pool ball. You are right about gyroscopes, basically the same thing.
You are thinking about the Dzhanibekov Effect: kzclip.net/video/L2o9eBl_Gzw/бейне.html There are several videos of this effect, including the original footage of Dzhanibekov discovering this effect.
What if you gave the turn table one extent-ended end with the entire turn table still 100% stable with the center. So the center of the circle is the same balance point, but there is an extended piece outside of the uniform circle spinning along with it.
Watching this after taking physics and this actually makes so much sense. This is actually very similar to rolling an object down a ramp, and that’s where the 7/2 ratio comes from The moment of inertia times the lever arm.
@moumous I agree. It's not Pi. I suspect people are seeing 7/2 and somewhere in their memory Pi involves those two numbers (22/7), so they're satisfied that _they_ must be right and Steve, who's gone to the trouble of producing this demonstration with its clear explanation, must be ever so slightly wrong!
I saw that freeze frame of the turn table with a crooked line on it and my brain immediately went "ah yes, rolling shutter" and "let's see that line straighten out as it gets closer to horizontal". It's crazy how much arbitrary knowledge I collected while watching those damn internet science channels.
That's incredible, I remember those videos too, but couldn't come up with the term, "rolling shutter". Thanks for reminding me, that may have drove me a little crazy for a while.
I had an amazing realisation about this and have a completely new way of looking at it! This situation is perfectly analogous to the case of cyclotron motion in a magnetic field. The rotating tabletop takes the place of the vector potential and would yield an analogous vertical magnetic field. The ball then is like a charged particle.
So going the other way you could work out something about the internal geometry of a ball by spinning it on a turntable, e.g. if it had internal imperfections maybe
the hollow and solid, ball, bit would be interesting to see how it would go with multi corded ball, one with a light no weight out side, and a really heavy core, a mini earth as it where? and what number would come out of the math.
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After watching half the video my takeaway is this: I get the basic idea of whats going on and why the ball is going around in circles. But the explanation is making my head spin like the table.
I would like to see , instead of a ball with the mass concentrated on the outer surface (hollow sphere), a ball with the mass concentrated in the center (large ping pong ball with small metal ball suspended in the center).
Somewhere in the back of my mind I seemed to remember something about the moons around planets having orbital resonances with each other which seemed remarkably similar to the ball and table. Example IO has a 4 to 1 ratio with Ganymede. I know it's not caused by the same thing but still amazing
2:14 "The ball only knows about that one point of contact." Steve: "Excuse me, Miss, where might the sentient billiards balls be located? I want to trick my viewers." Miss: "Straight down this aisle next to the crystal balls and the Magic Eight Balls." Steve: "Of course! How silly of me not to have realized that! 😂🤣
I have always found spinning things and reference frames fascinating, and as an English teacher, I find it fascinating that these very real forces are referred to as fictitious forces and pseudo forces and imaginary forces. I suppose it is to separate them from contact forces and EM forces, but it does seem odd to me. I read that even gravity is a fictitious force. If there's one thing we can be certain of, it's the force sticking our bodies to the floor. Very interesting video and very clearly explained. Thanks.
@MrSkypelessons And yes, gravity is a pseudo force, or it might be. Hard to say I suppose, but Einstein thought so. From scientific America "General relativity is his theory of gravity, and gravity is certainly the paradigmatic example of a "real" force. The cornerstone of Einstein's theory, however, is the proposition that gravity is itself a fictitious force (or, rather, that it is indistinguishable from a fictitious force)."
Pseudo forces are indeed real. From Texas A&M university. "The centrifugal force is very real if you are in a rotating reference frame. It causes objects in a rotating frame of reference to accelerate away from the center of rotation. Washing machines, uranium enrichment centrifuges, and biology lab centrifuges all depend on the reality of the centrifugal force . However, the centrifugal force is an inertial force, meaning that it is caused by the motion of the frame of reference itself and not by any external force. If I stand on the ground and watch children spinning on a playground toy then in my stationary frame of reference their outward acceleration is caused simply by their inertia. In my frame, which is external to the rotating frame, there is no centrifugal force at work. But in the rotating frame of reference of the children, there is a centrifugal force."
@Josh Gordon 'We would not label gravity as a fictitious force' - who is we? 'This led Albert Einstein to wonder whether gravity was a fictitious force as well. He noted that a freefalling observer in a closed box would not be able to detect the force of gravity; hence, freefalling reference frames are equivalent to an inertial reference frame (the equivalence principle). Following up on this insight, Einstein formulated a theory with gravity as a fictitious force and attributed the apparent acceleration of gravity to the curvature of spacetime. This idea underlies Einstein's theory of general relativity.'
@MrSkypelessons don't conflate the force that might injure someone (e.g. the contact force as they slam into the door of the car) with the perceived force that attracted them towards the door in the first place. We would not label gravity as a fictitious force. However, yes, in a very thereotical sense gravity is not a force like a push or a pull. However this has to do with General Relativity and advanced ideas in physics. For your (and my) every day life experiences, gravity is very much a force that pulls massive object towards one another.
The difference between fundamental and fictitious forces is that if you change your perspective on a fictitious force, you can make it go away (in the sense that they’re no longer terms in any equation), and things like electromagnetism will exist in every reference frame. From an English major point of view - picture something like Fight Club. Tyler Durden was very real for some of the characters’ perspectives and even produced real outcomes for them, but was still not real.
It's work making an argument that _'the turntable'_ isn't well represented in explaining the accurate workings of the universe! I appreciate Steve Mould's excellent efforts in helping me make the innards of my head spin grinning! 😀 Thank you Sir!
Loved your video. Where can we buy an inexpensive turntable? Would an old record player work, or would it be a problem because of the metal rod in the center of the recordplayer???
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Im pretty sure googles spying on me. I was watching a video of some guy spinning a heavy top. It was on a flat surface, bit like tops do, it eventually made its way off the edge. So he made the surface slightly concave. And I was thinking thats going to make it worse. I used to think making it concave would keep it towards the center. But now i dont think it does. If it was convex, it would stay closer to the center. Kinda like a skateboard on a 6ft diameter pipe in contrast to being in the pipe. You would think that if you are in the pipe, the board would be drawn towards the center. And if on top, you tend to roll off. Its the opposite. The way a skateboard steers is in reaction to whichever way the rider leans. So if youre on top, the board steers to the center because the board turns in the direction of whichever side has the front and back wheels closer together and closer to the board. The side you start to roll off of has the wheels farthest apart and from the board, not because youre leaning. But because the board changed its perspective the same way as if you were leaning. Inside the pipe is the opposite. Trying to stay centered is harder. The more it veers off the more itsforced to veer off.
Would be cool to mount the top-down camera to the turntable so it rotates with it. When you mentioned the non-inertial reference frame stuff I was hoping to see the ball’s path from that reference frame.
Hebrews 12:14 Make every effort to live in peace with all men and to be holy; without holiness no one will see the Lord. Acts 3:19 Repent, then, and turn to God, so that your sins may be wiped out, that times of refreshing may come from the Lord, James 2:24,26 Ye see then how that by works a man is justified, and not by faith only. For as the body without the spirit is dead, so faith without works is dead also.
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The part with tilting the turntable and the gyro makes me think about the helicopter series on Smarter Every Day where they talk about gyroscopic precession. You can feel this force with a fidget spinner if you spin it up then tilt it back and forth. Link to the episode: Https://kzclip.net/video/eTjGTxSevHE/бейне.html Skip to 1:07
Isn't whether a ball is solid or hollow dependent on what percentage of it is hollow? Surely it's a continuous spectrum dependent on how much of the inside it missing. Would the ratio be somewhere between 7:2 and 5:2 depending on what proportion is removed?
Interesting how it nutated around in a little circle, independent of the different speeds of the turntable at each point. The spin of the ball exactly cancels the centripetal force of the table spin. I wonder if there's a geometric proof of that?
Tilted turntable is similar to gyroscopic precession of a helicopter rotor disk. I would imagine this is well documented in helicopter control systems.
What happened was exactly what I thought would happen. I only watch the beginning of the video because I thought the ball was going to stay on the turn table.
The fact that Earth doesn't get flung out of the solar system, we're the ball, the sun is the center of the turntable, and the turntable is our solar system? I'd like to see a demonstration with more than 1 ball on the turntable. Different size balls, different distances from the center, opposite "sides" of the turntable.
Hokey smokes, dude. I'm gonna be trippin out on that for a few years. I thought for sure the ball would just roll on the table, slightly getting behind while all the time rolling out to the edge.
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What about different accelerations? A slow acceptation and a fast acceleration?.. then what about a cyclical speed? Increasing then decreasing speed? Would the ball stay on longer then?
I once did an experiment on a turntable with a radial slot attached and a steel ball fastened at the center. When the ball is released it accelerates radially outward. Yet the classical mechanics text (Den Hartog) says the ball rolls out at a constant velocity after slipping along a tangent (Newton). No it continues to roll out faster and faster. I photographed it but didn't need that to hear the ball roll faster and faster radially out. It's A.P. French in his Newtonian Mechanics that says the "particle" slips along a tangent at the start.
I'm curious what happens if you nudge the ball inward while allowing it to spin up? I can't be the only one thinking that the direction of the "equator" changing also has something to do with the movement of the ball post-nudge
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The '"T" in the Space Shuttle Experiment -- Where it is unscrewed and continues spinning in the same direction and then "flips" and turns the other way for a few spins and then flips back and does the same thing over and over and over and over and over... Can you do and explain that one? -- PLEASE!
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The Linik you are talking about in 8:14 is the change of angular momentum-> you can use the right hand rule to obtain the direction of deflection Example aircraft with one jet engine : Your right hand "wrap"-fingers are pointing in the direction of the engine's rotation-> your thumb is now pointing out of the engine Lets assume the jet is pulling nose up Imagine the line that your thumb draws now use right hand rule again-> your thumb is pointing in the direction of the change (up) and your "wrap" fingers show you in which direction the moment is introduced So in this case the airplane would yaw to the left (if the pilot is sleeping)
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Добрый день Стив, я когда начал смотреть модель физического опыта вашего почему то подумал про гирокомпас которые были на кораблях ,раньше были два типа Спэрри и Анштюц , к сожалению я не знаю английский язык но видео посмотрел до конца ,я в школе очень любил физику и объяснение её законов
@Jörg Reinhardt I say that because his mention of vinyl records wich were widely available at the time. Some records were said to repeat hidden messages if played backwards (they can't play that way you have to manually drag the record in reverse). That's what I meant by saying he spun them the wrong way.
@Own Lee Tugenda ...is what I assumed, when I encountering techno music for the first time... but it turned out it's supposed to sound like that... which seemed totally legit, once turned on, tuned in dropped out appropriately.
Hebrews 12:14 Make every effort to live in peace with all men and to be holy; without holiness no one will see the Lord. Acts 3:19 Repent, then, and turn to God, so that your sins may be wiped out, that times of refreshing may come from the Lord, James 2:24,26 Ye see then how that by works a man is justified, and not by faith only. For as the body without the spirit is dead, so faith without works is dead also.
What would happen if the ball was spinning in one spot and you suddenly stopped the turntable by grabbing it. Would the ball travel at a tangent of 60 degrees in a straight line off the turntable? Please try this and let me know. I am sure this is what would happen.
And, if you stop the spinning table, and allow the mini ball to sit still anywhere on the table, both are still moving with the exact same magnitude of motion as they were during any of the previous experiments performed. The "Absolute" motion vector for the ball (and the table), is vector "c". This motion vector can not be changed, other than change the direction in space-time, of which it is pointing. Now if you analyze the outcome of this 4D motion vector that is applied to everything, you end up with the following equations. The Lorentz-Fitzgerald length contraction equation, the Time dilation equation, the Velocity addition equations, and the Lorentz transformation equations.
stunned my uncle who poses this one as part of the hire process in the big firm he worked at . the one about same mass same size same colour but one is hollow. how to tell apart? . took me about 10 seconds to ponder and i got it right in one go.. spin them
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Love the video! Wanted to say, I did my master's thesis on how students conceptualize the Coriolis force, and I'd recommend avoiding terms like "fictitious" when describing it. It gives students the impression that it's 'made up' or 'doesn't exist', which conflicts with their bodily perceptions which have experienced the force first-hand. Also, it makes it sound like it shouldn't be trusted (let alone, used), rather than emphasizing how helpful (and necessary) the Coriolis force is when viewing things from a non-inertial frame. Personally, I try to call it an "apparent" force, because it 'appears' when you change your perspective to the non-inertial frame. It's all about clarifying the contexts in which the Coriolis force is productive.
@scose Emergent at it's core means consequence/resultant, therefore it's just and outcome of interaction rather than a core property, no recursion or complication required.
@Steve Mould "Apparent" is also inline with the "apparent wind" that sailors talk about, a term which you may also have used in your video discussing sailing downwind faster than the wind. So that would be consistent. (Although, in the case of sailing, the boat usually _is_ an inertial frame of reference (for practical purposes), and so one might not want to use the same word after all.) Come to think of it, Newton's force of gravity is an "apparent" force, too, and we are in a non-inertial frame here on earth. But that doesn't help anyone who isn't interested in relativistic phenomena.
@ReverseEngineered Good point. Optics makes use of Real and Virtual for images but I prefer Apparent (from my electrical engineering course, all those decades ago)
@Steve Jones The important thing in science is whether you can use a model to produce useful predictions. As long as you understand the assumptions and limitations, you can use "fictitious" forces to make useful and accurate calculations, so there's not much use being pedantic over definitions. From the point of view of a person on a roundabout, the ball will absolutely appear to accelerate away from them, and using centrifugal force simplifies the picture so you don't have to transform your frame of reference.
@Patrick Jordan Gravity and centrifugal force are "forces" only depending on what model of the world you use. Physics is all models; if you really dig into quantum mechanics then the idea of forces themself get pretty murky, when you really have probabilistic exchanges of virtual photons between charged particles (or something like that). But that doesn't mean it's not useful or valid to simplify those interactions into a "normal force" between two surfaces in contact, for example. By the same reasoning we simplify the picture of gravity by treating it as a force so we don't have have to deal with time dilation and whatnot, and we simplify descriptions of rotating frames by treating inertia as a force so we don't have to transform everything into an inertial frame.
I'm a bit perplexed by the 'perpetual motion' aspect of the stationary spinning ball. Clearly (?) it's getting some energy input from the spinning disk but how? If you leave it for a long time does it slowly move outwards? If it truly manages to stay in place, is the some fancy pants matho-physical answer that transfers energy to the stationary ball without any slippage? Or perhaps it gets some very small frictional input from the curved non-zero diameter point of contact?
@Tlaloc_Temporal yeah I figured something like that, its just why though? There's really no benefit for such things. I'll never understand such thinking lol
@Hidden Object -- You'll see theology trolls and proselytizers in most popular science channels. Physics channels also get fringe science spammers, for things like Electric Universe and Quantum Woo. I think it's a mix of people trying to recruit open-minded people to their group, and people trying to retain people already part of their group who are exploring other ideas. Most of them are bots, some of which are pointed to certain channels, and some of which might be given certain topics to post on. Others must be real people (or advanced bots) because they'll have whole arguments with you, but those ones tend to write entire rambling novels, so beware.
For an insightful comment, what's up with the flat earth person and bible quotes in the replies? Seems odd to me since this channel is all about explaining scientific concepts in an easy to understand format.
Most of us would, I think, be surprised to see a ball on a turning turntable basically staying in one spot. Instead of explaining with formulas only, you described how it happens very simply. Great work!
Try adding a magnet at the center of the table and one in the center of the ball. Hence, the creation of gravity vs inertia mimicking the movement of solar systems and the universe 😉
I started chuckling to myself the second I saw the equation for the moment of inertia of a ball. This was so cool! It's nice to see some interesting physics can still be done with closed form equations.
Hebrews 12:14 Make every effort to live in peace with all men and to be holy; without holiness no one will see the Lord. Acts 3:19 Repent, then, and turn to God, so that your sins may be wiped out, that times of refreshing may come from the Lord, James 2:24,26 Ye see then how that by works a man is justified, and not by faith only. For as the body without the spirit is dead, so faith without works is dead also.
@Luke Downes Luke Downes by closed form equations they mean that the equation can be solved analytically which generally leads a nice solution. Otherwise you have to solve it numerically.
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I can't believe I didn't make a "how the turntables" joke. That's why I love the comments section!
Here's a paper with the calculations: m2.askthephysicist.com/Weltner.pdf Note that equations 18 and 19 should have R² terms. That threw me off for longer than I care to admit!
A
Well well well…
Your turntable just hypnotized me, call me Poolboy !!
I HAVE THAT TOY CAR WHAT TEH FUK
What happens when you change the surface texture. Something, course, or smoother?
I'm gonna need a 2-dimensional, transparent, liquid filled representation of this.
@SAJOWE wym lol
@SAJOWE expectation: ball will fly off. Reality: ball does not fly off.
@robert s hum??
@SAJOWE a dome shape is a hemisphere- at no point was a hemisphere placed on the turntable. If one was placed on the turntable on it's flat base, it would have slid off immediately like the coin. the dome, or firmament is a part of FE because FEers can not understand why air does not get sucked off into the vacuum. The reason a dome is not needed is air is matter, matter has weight. It is held to the earth by gravity (or density if you like). That and vacuums don't suck. Our household 'vacuum cleaners' are not vacuums.
@robert s flat earth theory is like a dome shape
Watching this video almost 40 years after I dropped out of taking Physics and Maths for A-level, I'm glad I did. The overlying description of what's happening is utterly fascinating, but the calculus, the physics, the number-crunching... it was never going to be for me. I absolutely LOVE the passion you and others have for such things, because I have my own 'things' which give me joy. Glad to be a viewer, amazed to catch of a glimpse of something described in a way I can understand it, knowing that you can do the maths and the physics and I don't have to!
@occupyallthethings Why's that? I imagine it pays decently enough. And you don't have to do much heavy lifting or anything. Why the regret?
@nervousnotebooks science isn't about the money. And if you discover something new, the science community will accept it if it's true regardless how you found it or your qualifications.
@Draven's Cringe Gaming That should hold up well on a resume.
@nervousnotebooks you literally don't. Human interpretation is science. Some of the most ground breaking discoveries were made by ingraduates.
You don't need college to Google and cognize relevant math formulas, and to look to the stars yourself. See if you'll find anything that'll change school curriculum. Little kids can be scientists (literally). It's the easiest thing to do. And it's hard to think of anything without using the scientific method.
@Draven's Cringe Gaming You need to go to college to be a scientist dummy.
Wow, this takes me back to the 50;s. We had a record player that didn't work (the audio didn't) but the turntable would spin. We'd put on a 33 LP and put a marble on it. I observed the same results as you did but had no understanding of the physics/math involved. Thanks for the excellent explanation,
BTW, we would also roll up a paper cone, stick a straight pin through the pointy end, and hold that on a record to listen to our tunes. Way cool.
Just sane... :^) Saint
@Matthew M. S., CFP :/
@Eugene Saint 🤷🏼♂️
@Matthew M. S., CFP Trust me, Matthew...drugs are not the answer.
Record players didn’t exist in the 1950s
wtf are you, 90?
Hi Steve, there's lots of fascinating ideas here that would be cool to explore. For example, if the spinning surface was curved like a Euler's disk, how might the motion differ compared to that of the flat or convex surfaces? Here you present flat, and earth is our convex. This harkens back to your "this should slip off but it doesn't" video with spinning concave and convex surfaces and a spinning band. Love the videos and making us foster unique concept connections!
You keep fascinating us as well as entertaining. Thank you for that Steve. And congrats to those, who choose you to promote "THELÄND". Perfect choice. I am from Germany and have seen the clip before. And yes, I believe for tech or science aspiring people, that is a perfect place to go to.
Yeah I loved that his sponsor was a state of Germany!
Fascinating stuff, very well framed in images and clearly explained. Thanks for your video!
As a 2,055 year old Carpenter it amazes me that after all these years, we still love playing with balls!
I'm so glad you mentioned something about coriolis. That's kinda where my mind went watching the ball go from closer and further to the point of rotation.
@Dustin Kirk right about the second part... But the moon does rotate on its axis. Just rotates once a month. Tidal locked with earth and all.
@Feeding Ravens idk... Remember, the center of orbit between moon and earth isn't the center of earth.. so their orbit is a relationship between the two. The reason it's tidal locked with earth is also that reason.
Adding friction to rotating bodies it completely different than orbital mechanics. As I know of. That ball is experiencing different tangential speeds as it moves closer and further away from the axis. Orbits do have a sling shot kinda effect. But I see that different than this. But I could be wrong.
@truong tran alrighty then
ok
@Feeding Ravens except, the moon isn't rotating on its own axis is it? Planetary satellites orbit their hosts regardless of their own spins. Hmm...
This was such an interesting video. I don't remember any of my alevel physics but I do love stuff like this
Your videos are simply awesome
Woh
Very beautiful video
Very beautiful video
Wow
Hii
it would be interesting to see the motion of the ball from a relative point of view with a 360 camera mounted in the centre of the turn table.
I'm glad to have found you... purely because your videos make me remember my curiosity as a kid. The things you lose when life takes over! Great going!!
As a physicist, this video is pure joy. Thanks for making this video available, Steve ❤️
Reminds me of scientists spinning things in the space station. When things spin in zero gravity they flip every certain number of revolutions. Almost exactly like the pool ball. You are right about gyroscopes, basically the same thing.
You are thinking about the Dzhanibekov Effect: kzclip.net/video/L2o9eBl_Gzw/бейне.html There are several videos of this effect, including the original footage of Dzhanibekov discovering this effect.
What if you gave the turn table one extent-ended end with the entire turn table still 100% stable with the center. So the center of the circle is the same balance point, but there is an extended piece outside of the uniform circle spinning along with it.
Just one half of the circle to start with is extended but evenly balanced with the center point
I imagine the formula for the motion of a slightly elliptical ball would be terrifying.
Watching this after taking physics and this actually makes so much sense. This is actually very similar to rolling an object down a ramp, and that’s where the 7/2 ratio comes from The moment of inertia times the lever arm.
@John Somerset got a c-
I guess you failed physics then.
Yes, spinny things! This one is actually one of the easier spinny paradoxes to wrap your noodle around
I can't be the only one that initially thought it was pi rotations rather than 7/2 when you counted them
@Sacher Khoudari ikr, now that I think abt it
@Isaac M oh what did they say?
@Mike Lumer lol
@David Smith same lol. But I haven't had breakfast yet. I'm gonna go eat now. Lol
@moumous I agree. It's not Pi. I suspect people are seeing 7/2 and somewhere in their memory Pi involves those two numbers (22/7), so they're satisfied that _they_ must be right and Steve, who's gone to the trouble of producing this demonstration with its clear explanation, must be ever so slightly wrong!
I saw that freeze frame of the turn table with a crooked line on it and my brain immediately went "ah yes, rolling shutter" and "let's see that line straighten out as it gets closer to horizontal". It's crazy how much arbitrary knowledge I collected while watching those damn internet science channels.
That's incredible, I remember those videos too, but couldn't come up with the term, "rolling shutter". Thanks for reminding me, that may have drove me a little crazy for a while.
As the ball gets up to maximum speed, doesn't it take up the inertia properties of a gyroscope especially when you nudge it of axis?
That was interesting. Thanks for sharing. Is there a practical use other than gyroscopes?gyroscope?
Great comments.
thank you so much. you always come with a beautiful examples and experiments of boring mechanical classe
would the ball ever fall off if the turnatble was slightly curved like a shallow bowl? also, does this have any applications?
I have noticed a wobble in the turntable. Did you try to minimize that as well?
I had an amazing realisation about this and have a completely new way of looking at it!
This situation is perfectly analogous to the case of cyclotron motion in a magnetic field. The rotating tabletop takes the place of the vector potential and would yield an analogous vertical magnetic field. The ball then is like a charged particle.
So going the other way you could work out something about the internal geometry of a ball by spinning it on a turntable, e.g. if it had internal imperfections maybe
the hollow and solid, ball, bit would be interesting to see how it would go with multi corded ball, one with a light no weight out side, and a really heavy core, a mini earth as it where? and what number would come out of the math.
Thank you for the informative Video. I'm still wondering how can you explain this in terms of Centrifugal force?
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can you test on a flexible table?
similar to what’s used to explain gravity in universe
This was so nicely presented. Great video.
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You’ve done a great job of contributing something for all of our benefit.
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After watching half the video my takeaway is this:
I get the basic idea of whats going on and why the ball is going around in circles.
But the explanation is making my head spin like the table.
I would like to see , instead of a ball with the mass concentrated on the outer surface (hollow sphere), a ball with the mass concentrated in the center (large ping pong ball with small metal ball suspended in the center).
Somewhere in the back of my mind I seemed to remember something about the moons around planets having orbital resonances with each other which seemed remarkably similar to the ball and table.
Example IO has a 4 to 1 ratio with Ganymede.
I know it's not caused by the same thing but still amazing
This is much more amazing due to the fact that there are these weird fixed ratios 7:2 (!) and 5:2. The orbital resonances are much more arbitrary
2:14 "The ball only knows about that one point of contact."
Steve: "Excuse me, Miss, where might the sentient billiards balls be located? I want to trick my viewers."
Miss: "Straight down this aisle next to the crystal balls and the Magic Eight Balls."
Steve: "Of course! How silly of me not to have realized that!
😂🤣
You can see the ball rolling faster on the outer ranges of the turntable, and slower in the inner ranges. Pretty cool.
It's interesting how it works, but why does the ball spiral outward until it falls off rather than just keep rotating in a circular orbit
This is super fascinating! I wonder how we can take advantage of this 🤔
I have always found spinning things and reference frames fascinating, and as an English teacher, I find it fascinating that these very real forces are referred to as fictitious forces and pseudo forces and imaginary forces. I suppose it is to separate them from contact forces and EM forces, but it does seem odd to me. I read that even gravity is a fictitious force. If there's one thing we can be certain of, it's the force sticking our bodies to the floor. Very interesting video and very clearly explained. Thanks.
@MrSkypelessons
And yes, gravity is a pseudo force, or it might be.
Hard to say I suppose, but Einstein thought so.
From scientific America
"General relativity is his theory of gravity, and gravity is certainly the paradigmatic example of a "real" force. The cornerstone of Einstein's theory, however, is the proposition that gravity is itself a fictitious force (or, rather, that it is indistinguishable from a fictitious force)."
Pseudo forces are indeed real.
From Texas A&M university.
"The centrifugal force is very real if you are in a rotating reference frame. It causes objects in a rotating frame of reference to accelerate away from the center of rotation. Washing machines, uranium enrichment centrifuges, and biology lab centrifuges all depend on the reality of the centrifugal force . However, the centrifugal force is an inertial force, meaning that it is caused by the motion of the frame of reference itself and not by any external force. If I stand on the ground and watch children spinning on a playground toy then in my stationary frame of reference their outward acceleration is caused simply by their inertia. In my frame, which is external to the rotating frame, there is no centrifugal force at work. But in the rotating frame of reference of the children, there is a centrifugal force."
@Josh Gordon 'We would not label gravity as a fictitious force' - who is we?
'This led Albert Einstein to wonder whether gravity was a fictitious force as well. He noted that a freefalling observer in a closed box would not be able to detect the force of gravity; hence, freefalling reference frames are equivalent to an inertial reference frame (the equivalence principle). Following up on this insight, Einstein formulated a theory with gravity as a fictitious force and attributed the apparent acceleration of gravity to the curvature of spacetime. This idea underlies Einstein's theory of general relativity.'
@MrSkypelessons don't conflate the force that might injure someone (e.g. the contact force as they slam into the door of the car) with the perceived force that attracted them towards the door in the first place.
We would not label gravity as a fictitious force. However, yes, in a very thereotical sense gravity is not a force like a push or a pull. However this has to do with General Relativity and advanced ideas in physics. For your (and my) every day life experiences, gravity is very much a force that pulls massive object towards one another.
The difference between fundamental and fictitious forces is that if you change your perspective on a fictitious force, you can make it go away (in the sense that they’re no longer terms in any equation), and things like electromagnetism will exist in every reference frame.
From an English major point of view - picture something like Fight Club. Tyler Durden was very real for some of the characters’ perspectives and even produced real outcomes for them, but was still not real.
It's work making an argument that _'the turntable'_ isn't well represented in explaining the accurate workings of the universe! I appreciate Steve Mould's excellent efforts in helping me make the innards of my head spin grinning! 😀 Thank you Sir!
hey can you provide me its explanation
Le gars qui a eu l'idée de faire tourner sa crêpière n'a sûrement pas mis tout le rhum dans la pate a crêpes 🤔🍺 belle expérience/démonstration 👍🏼
Loved your video. Where can we buy an inexpensive turntable? Would an old record player work, or would it be a problem because of the metal rod in the center of the recordplayer???
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Im pretty sure googles spying on me. I was watching a video of some guy spinning a heavy top. It was on a flat surface, bit like tops do, it eventually made its way off the edge. So he made the surface slightly concave. And I was thinking thats going to make it worse. I used to think making it concave would keep it towards the center. But now i dont think it does. If it was convex, it would stay closer to the center.
Kinda like a skateboard on a 6ft diameter pipe in contrast to being in the pipe. You would think that if you are in the pipe, the board would be drawn towards the center. And if on top, you tend to roll off. Its the opposite. The way a skateboard steers is in reaction to whichever way the rider leans. So if youre on top, the board steers to the center because the board turns in the direction of whichever side has the front and back wheels closer together and closer to the board. The side you start to roll off of has the wheels farthest apart and from the board, not because youre leaning. But because the board changed its perspective the same way as if you were leaning. Inside the pipe is the opposite. Trying to stay centered is harder. The more it veers off the more itsforced to veer off.
I wonder what happens if the disc was slightly concave to counter the "slippage" effect where it eventually rolls off the table.
Try convex also: pulleys are CONVEX to prevent the belts (leather belts in the old days) from flying off.
This feels like one of the problems I would have gotten wrong on my dynamics class in school.
Gosh how I missed science class, this was delightfully entertaining, you're doing an awesome job, thank you for it!
liked subscribed and commented :)
Physics is just amazing. I wish I would studying more in highschool
Would be cool to mount the top-down camera to the turntable so it rotates with it. When you mentioned the non-inertial reference frame stuff I was hoping to see the ball’s path from that reference frame.
Or better yet attach a gopro to the ball
@MrDaraghkinch haha my initial thought as well :D that was a fun toy
@Thomas, here you can see something similar - kzclip.net/video/OAs_1ysRHW0/бейне.html
I think we are missing alot of footage. We need part 2 despite already having part 1.
We need more videos like this !!!!
Hebrews
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Acts
3:19 Repent, then, and turn to God, so that your sins may be wiped out, that times of refreshing may come from the Lord,
James 2:24,26
Ye see then how that by works a man is justified, and not by faith only. For as the body without the spirit is dead, so faith without works is dead also.
Your 'paradox' videos are my favourite ones, Steve
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Fun Fact: this trick was famously used by The Steve Miller Band for their "Abracadabra" music video, using a spinning cymbal for the turntable.
I wonder how the ball would act if it was spinning in the same direction as the turntable before letting go?
The part with tilting the turntable and the gyro makes me think about the helicopter series on Smarter Every Day where they talk about gyroscopic precession. You can feel this force with a fidget spinner if you spin it up then tilt it back and forth.
Link to the episode:
Https://kzclip.net/video/eTjGTxSevHE/бейне.html
Skip to 1:07
Isn't whether a ball is solid or hollow dependent on what percentage of it is hollow? Surely it's a continuous spectrum dependent on how much of the inside it missing.
Would the ratio be somewhere between 7:2 and 5:2 depending on what proportion is removed?
Interesting how it nutated around in a little circle, independent of the different speeds of the turntable at each point. The spin of the ball exactly cancels the centripetal force of the table spin. I wonder if there's a geometric proof of that?
That British humor gets me every time (@55 secs) those gigantic hands with that pool ball 😆
Tilted turntable is similar to gyroscopic precession of a helicopter rotor disk. I would imagine this is well documented in helicopter control systems.
What happened was exactly what I thought would happen. I only watch the beginning of the video because I thought the ball was going to stay on the turn table.
The fact that Earth doesn't get flung out of the solar system, we're the ball, the sun is the center of the turntable, and the turntable is our solar system? I'd like to see a demonstration with more than 1 ball on the turntable. Different size balls, different distances from the center, opposite "sides" of the turntable.
Your videos are awesome and scientific
Hokey smokes, dude. I'm gonna be trippin out on that for a few years. I thought for sure the ball would just roll on the table, slightly getting behind while all the time rolling out to the edge.
@SteveMould what happens if you use a magnetic ball?? Maybe on a spinning copper turn table??
if you make a giant sized version of this, wouldnt this be good energy?
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What about different accelerations? A slow acceptation and a fast acceleration?.. then what about a cyclical speed? Increasing then decreasing speed? Would the ball stay on longer then?
very informative and interesting
I once did an experiment on a turntable with a radial slot attached and a steel ball fastened at the center. When the ball is released it accelerates radially outward. Yet the classical mechanics text (Den Hartog) says the ball rolls out at a constant velocity after slipping along a tangent (Newton). No it continues to roll out faster and faster. I photographed it but didn't need that to hear the ball roll faster and faster radially out. It's A.P. French in his Newtonian Mechanics that says the "particle" slips along a tangent at the start.
I love calculating the mass of the balls
I'm curious what happens if you nudge the ball inward while allowing it to spin up? I can't be the only one thinking that the direction of the "equator" changing also has something to do with the movement of the ball post-nudge
Also what happens with a hollow ball that has been half filled with a liquid? Not water but something equally as dense as the surface of the ball?
Physics is magic, never fails to amaze me!
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Great job. You just proved the earth is a flat stationary disc, not a spinning, moving sphere.
Life is definitely spinning faster than me and we're all "falling off" this "turntable" someday.
The '"T" in the Space Shuttle Experiment -- Where it is unscrewed and continues spinning in the same direction and then "flips" and turns the other way for a few spins and then flips back and does the same thing over and over and over and over and over...
Can you do and explain that one? -- PLEASE!
Trigonometry of forces applied and varying velocity of the rotating table. Crazy how simple the equations are with so many complex actions happening.
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The Linik you are talking about in 8:14 is the change of angular momentum-> you can use the right hand rule to obtain the direction of deflection
Example aircraft with one jet engine :
Your right hand "wrap"-fingers are pointing in the direction of the engine's rotation-> your thumb is now pointing out of the engine
Lets assume the jet is pulling nose up
Imagine the line that your thumb draws
now use right hand rule again-> your thumb is pointing in the direction of the change (up) and your "wrap" fingers show you in which direction the moment is introduced
So in this case the airplane would yaw to the left (if the pilot is sleeping)
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Добрый день Стив, я когда начал смотреть модель физического опыта вашего почему то подумал про гирокомпас которые были на кораблях ,раньше были два типа Спэрри и Анштюц , к сожалению я не знаю английский язык но видео посмотрел до конца ,я в школе очень любил физику и объяснение её законов
The answer is Moment of Inertia (I) =MK^2
Where K is radius of gyration.
Class 12 CBSE
Curious on a cosmic scale if friction applies?
'discs behave wiredly on turntables'... that sums up my entire experience of the 90's quite nicely
Put the needle on the Record.
@Jörg Reinhardt I say that because his mention of vinyl records wich were widely available at the time. Some records were said to repeat hidden messages if played backwards (they can't play that way you have to manually drag the record in reverse). That's what I meant by saying he spun them the wrong way.
@fluffigverbimmelt you probably do.... unless you guessed that I am a sloppy typist and not a natural English speaker.
@Own Lee Tugenda ...is what I assumed, when I encountering techno music for the first time... but it turned out it's supposed to sound like that... which seemed totally legit, once turned on, tuned in dropped out appropriately.
Hebrews
12:14 Make every effort to live in peace with all men and to be holy; without holiness no one will see the Lord.
Acts
3:19 Repent, then, and turn to God, so that your sins may be wiped out, that times of refreshing may come from the Lord,
James 2:24,26
Ye see then how that by works a man is justified, and not by faith only. For as the body without the spirit is dead, so faith without works is dead also.
Etonnant. Voilà une méthode parfaite pour savoir si une boule est pleine (toujours 2/7) ou creuse (autre que 2/7)
What would happen if the ball was spinning in one spot and you suddenly stopped the turntable by grabbing it. Would the ball travel at a tangent of 60 degrees in a straight line off the turntable? Please try this and let me know. I am sure this is what would happen.
And, if you stop the spinning table, and allow the mini ball to sit still anywhere on the table, both are still moving with the exact same magnitude of motion as they were during any of the previous experiments performed. The "Absolute" motion vector for the ball (and the table), is vector "c". This motion vector can not be changed, other than change the direction in space-time, of which it is pointing. Now if you analyze the outcome of this 4D motion vector that is applied to everything, you end up with the following equations. The Lorentz-Fitzgerald length contraction equation, the Time dilation equation, the Velocity addition equations, and the Lorentz transformation equations.
I would like to see this done a elastic turntable. One the ball can sag in sightly
Well, if I ever live on a rotating spacecraft, I will make sure to abuse this information to the maximum extent possible.
stunned my uncle who poses this one as part of the hire process in the big firm he worked at . the one about same mass same size same colour but one is hollow. how to tell apart? . took me about 10 seconds to ponder and i got it right in one go.. spin them
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Phew! I'm glad he explained. For a second I thought he had giant hands!
at 4:19 the turntable velocity vector as shown in blue surely should be perpendicular to the black radial lines
Love the video! Wanted to say, I did my master's thesis on how students conceptualize the Coriolis force, and I'd recommend avoiding terms like "fictitious" when describing it. It gives students the impression that it's 'made up' or 'doesn't exist', which conflicts with their bodily perceptions which have experienced the force first-hand. Also, it makes it sound like it shouldn't be trusted (let alone, used), rather than emphasizing how helpful (and necessary) the Coriolis force is when viewing things from a non-inertial frame. Personally, I try to call it an "apparent" force, because it 'appears' when you change your perspective to the non-inertial frame. It's all about clarifying the contexts in which the Coriolis force is productive.
@scose Emergent at it's core means consequence/resultant, therefore it's just and outcome of interaction rather than a core property, no recursion or complication required.
@Steve Mould "Apparent" is also inline with the "apparent wind" that sailors talk about, a term which you may also have used in your video discussing sailing downwind faster than the wind. So that would be consistent. (Although, in the case of sailing, the boat usually _is_ an inertial frame of reference (for practical purposes), and so one might not want to use the same word after all.)
Come to think of it, Newton's force of gravity is an "apparent" force, too, and we are in a non-inertial frame here on earth. But that doesn't help anyone who isn't interested in relativistic phenomena.
@ReverseEngineered Good point. Optics makes use of Real and Virtual for images but I prefer Apparent (from my electrical engineering course, all those decades ago)
@Steve Jones The important thing in science is whether you can use a model to produce useful predictions. As long as you understand the assumptions and limitations, you can use "fictitious" forces to make useful and accurate calculations, so there's not much use being pedantic over definitions. From the point of view of a person on a roundabout, the ball will absolutely appear to accelerate away from them, and using centrifugal force simplifies the picture so you don't have to transform your frame of reference.
@Patrick Jordan Gravity and centrifugal force are "forces" only depending on what model of the world you use. Physics is all models; if you really dig into quantum mechanics then the idea of forces themself get pretty murky, when you really have probabilistic exchanges of virtual photons between charged particles (or something like that). But that doesn't mean it's not useful or valid to simplify those interactions into a "normal force" between two surfaces in contact, for example. By the same reasoning we simplify the picture of gravity by treating it as a force so we don't have have to deal with time dilation and whatnot, and we simplify descriptions of rotating frames by treating inertia as a force so we don't have to transform everything into an inertial frame.
7:06 isn't a "hollow ball" called a sphere?
It'so so hypnotizing watching the ball roll like that :p
Wouldn't have thought it would do that, wouldn't think solid or shelled would be different.
I'm a bit perplexed by the 'perpetual motion' aspect of the stationary spinning ball. Clearly (?) it's getting some energy input from the spinning disk but how? If you leave it for a long time does it slowly move outwards? If it truly manages to stay in place, is the some fancy pants matho-physical answer that transfers energy to the stationary ball without any slippage? Or perhaps it gets some very small frictional input from the curved non-zero diameter point of contact?
Hmmm. This looks a lot like a Phishing post. Is it real?
This helps me visualize how a Lagrangian orbit can be somewhat stable despite all the forces being apparently unblanced.
@Hidden Object it's a real shame how many people can't handle a basic technical discussion and have to invoke god to feel like they contributed.
@Tlaloc_Temporal yeah I figured something like that, its just why though? There's really no benefit for such things. I'll never understand such thinking lol
@Hidden Object -- You'll see theology trolls and proselytizers in most popular science channels. Physics channels also get fringe science spammers, for things like Electric Universe and Quantum Woo.
I think it's a mix of people trying to recruit open-minded people to their group, and people trying to retain people already part of their group who are exploring other ideas.
Most of them are bots, some of which are pointed to certain channels, and some of which might be given certain topics to post on. Others must be real people (or advanced bots) because they'll have whole arguments with you, but those ones tend to write entire rambling novels, so beware.
For an insightful comment, what's up with the flat earth person and bible quotes in the replies? Seems odd to me since this channel is all about explaining scientific concepts in an easy to understand format.
It's strange I just saw another video that made me think of the JWST maintaining stability and L2.
Most of us would, I think, be surprised to see a ball on a turning turntable basically staying in one spot. Instead of explaining with formulas only, you described how it happens very simply. Great work!
Try adding a magnet at the center of the table and one in the center of the ball. Hence, the creation of gravity vs inertia mimicking the movement of solar systems and the universe 😉
It's always delightful when a simple experiment reveals unexpected behavior.
Have you tried a magnetic table and a steal ball?
I started chuckling to myself the second I saw the equation for the moment of inertia of a ball. This was so cool! It's nice to see some interesting physics can still be done with closed form equations.
@Josias Lourenço hmmmm
Hebrews
12:14 Make every effort to live in peace with all men and to be holy; without holiness no one will see the Lord.
Acts
3:19 Repent, then, and turn to God, so that your sins may be wiped out, that times of refreshing may come from the Lord,
James 2:24,26
Ye see then how that by works a man is justified, and not by faith only. For as the body without the spirit is dead, so faith without works is dead also.
@pineapplepenumbra haha, thanks!
@JordanPeterson SucksMonkeyButt It helps that your post was good, but I thumbed you up before I read it, just because your name deserves it.
@Luke Downes Luke Downes by closed form equations they mean that the equation can be solved analytically which generally leads a nice solution. Otherwise you have to solve it numerically.
It'll be cool if we can watch the experience with the turntables reference frame
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the same think happens to helicopter. you are actually moving right to go forward (gyroscope)